https://pranshupratyay.com Pranshu Pratyay is an AI engineer and software engineer building production AI systems, writing about applied machine learning, and open-sourcing tools for the AI engineering community. en-us https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/connecting-mcp-to-the-real-world-with-httpx https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/connecting-mcp-to-the-real-world-with-httpx Sun, 02 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT Hardcoding fake data in an MCP server is fine for a demo. Making real, asynchronous REST API calls to external services is where the magic actually happens. Here's how to pair FastMCP with HTTPX. Agentic AI https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/self-attention-explained https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/self-attention-explained Sun, 02 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT How self-attention lets a model decide which words matter to each other — the query/key/value mechanics, scaled dot-product attention, multi-head attention, and causal masking, with a from-scratch PyTorch implementation. AI Engineering https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/5-agent-mistakes-i-made-so-you-dont-have-to https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/5-agent-mistakes-i-made-so-you-dont-have-to Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT Every one of these cost me real debugging time. Each has a one-line fix — here they are, with the code. Agentic AI https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/claude-code-vs-copilot-vs-cursor-what-agentic-means https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/claude-code-vs-copilot-vs-cursor-what-agentic-means Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT All three get called 'AI coding assistants,' but they're built on genuinely different philosophies. Here's the real difference, in plain terms, with an actual terminal transcript. Agentic AI https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/claude-terminal-agent-guardrails-lessons https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/claude-terminal-agent-guardrails-lessons Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT A weekend project, a bash tool with no restrictions, and the exact three mistakes that let it happen — plus the guardrails that would have stopped every one of them. Agentic AI https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/embeddings-explained-corpus-to-vectors https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/embeddings-explained-corpus-to-vectors Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT Start from a plain sentence, tokenize it with NLTK, and build up through every major embedding type — one-hot, TF-IDF, Word2Vec, GloVe, and modern contextual embeddings — with working code for each. AI Engineering https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/how-much-does-an-agentic-claude-workflow-cost https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/how-much-does-an-agentic-claude-workflow-cost Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT Almost nobody publishes real token math for multi-step agents. Here's a worked example — a 6-turn agent loop, priced out — plus a small calculator function you can reuse. Agentic AI https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/i-gave-claude-hands-first-tool-use-agent https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/i-gave-claude-hands-first-tool-use-agent Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT Agents sound complicated until you see the actual request-response loop underneath. Here's the whole thing, stripped down to one tool and 20 lines of Python. Agentic AI https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/multi-agent-systems-explained https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/multi-agent-systems-explained Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT One agent with a huge system prompt and thirty tools gets confused fast. Splitting it into focused agents that hand off work to each other usually works better — here's the pattern, with code. Agentic AI https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/pytorch-explained-tensors-to-training-loops https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/pytorch-explained-tensors-to-training-loops Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT A practical, from-scratch walkthrough of PyTorch — tensors, autograd, building a model, training it, and where to go next — with links to the official docs and tutorials. AI Engineering https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/rag-vs-agentic-rag-the-real-difference https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/rag-vs-agentic-rag-the-real-difference Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT RAG and agentic RAG get used interchangeably constantly, and they're not the same thing. The difference is one word: whether the model can decide to look again. Agentic AI https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/reweighting-rescaling-smoothing-bagging-explained https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/reweighting-rescaling-smoothing-bagging-explained Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT Five terms that show up in almost every ML pipeline, explained simply and with code: word/sample reweighting, time scaling, data rescaling, smoothing, and bagging. AI Engineering https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/the-agent-loop-why-every-claude-agent-is-a-while-loop https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/the-agent-loop-why-every-claude-agent-is-a-while-loop Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT Strip away the hype and every agentic system — Claude Code, MCP-connected agents, multi-step research bots — is running the same five-line loop underneath. Here it is, in full. Agentic AI https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/what-is-mcp-actually-explained-simply https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/what-is-mcp-actually-explained-simply Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT MCP explainers are usually either a marketing slide or a 40-page spec. Here's the plain version — one analogy, one 15-line server — and why it matters more than it sounds like it should. Agentic AI https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/word-embeddings-in-detail-from-one-hot-to-transformer-vectors https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/word-embeddings-in-detail-from-one-hot-to-transformer-vectors Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT A deep dive into word embeddings: from one-hot encoding limitations and TF-IDF matrices to Word2Vec skip-gram mechanisms, GloVe factorization, and contextual Transformer embeddings — with Python code for each. AI Engineering https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/claude-agent-memory-without-vector-database https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/claude-agent-memory-without-vector-database Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT Memory is the first thing everyone asks about agents, and the first answer is always 'embeddings and a vector DB.' Here's the version that fits in a JSON file, and why you might not need more than that. Agentic AI https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/designing-production-rag-systems https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/designing-production-rag-systems Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT Lessons from moving retrieval-augmented generation from a demo to something that survives real traffic and real data. AI Engineering https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/evaluating-llm-agents https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/evaluating-llm-agents Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT Why traditional unit tests fall short for agentic systems, and what a useful evaluation harness actually looks like. AI Engineering https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/mcp-explained https://pranshupratyay.com/blog/mcp-explained Sat, 09 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT A grounded look at what MCP actually solves, and where it fits in a real AI product's architecture. AI Engineering